Bio-psycho-social perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bio-psycho-social perspective - Essay Example For society, the most troubling of these is the remorseless and fearless antisocial personality. Between normality and abnormality there is not a gulf but a somewhat arbitrary line. This demarcation depends on how atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable a person’s behavior is (Covinsky, 2007). For the patient who is psychologically healthy, there are numerous motivations to recover. Patients are generally frustrated with their physical symptoms and difficulties with functioning. The desire to be healthy motivates them to strive to overcome whatever hurdles are in their path. Most patients are able to persevere through the course of treatment and recover. However in some cases whether due to the severity of the medical condition, incorrect diagnosis, inadequate treatment, preexisting psychological vulnerabilities, complicating psychological reactions or factors in the social environment some patients fill to recover and instead enter a downward spiral. A number of factors can contribute to this downward spiral (Gatchel, 1994). The psycho medical vortex provides a paradigm of how biopsychological disorders become intractable. Using this paradigm a variety of interventions can be identified alternately, when a seemingly untreatable condition has already appeared this model can offer some suggestions as to how to identify the road blocks to recovery and where to intervene (Gatchel, 1994). When chronic pain appears within the context of biopsychosocial disorder, comprehensive assessment requires assessing all the biological, psychological and social aspects of the condition and understanding the relationship between them. By correctly assessing the type of biopsychosocial disorder that is being treated and understanding the history or how it developed a more effective treatment plan can be developed. Research suggest that when the biological psychological and social aspects of

Project Appraisal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Appraisal - Assignment Example ..... 4 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Introduction Project appraisal is a structural process through which management uses to determine through careful assessment the most viable project. From a well appraised project, great achievements can be achieved in case the project implementer applies the appropriate s kills. Appraisal is done through assessment of data through assumptions and methodologies used when preparing a project. For instance, it involves the work flow, proposed financing, an assessment of the projects managerial aspects, cost estimating, finance validity, and how the project will be a benefit to society through factors like employment. Project appraisal happens in various types depending on the kind of project being determined its viability. It therefore cover an analysis of techniques being used, managerial aspects of the firm, analysis social factors like income and employment, assesses the impact of financial judgments among other financial activities, determines how is the project viable in terms of economic undertakings. Project appraisal involves various discounted and undiscounted techniques. The undiscounted techniques include payback period, value added, capital-output ratio, an outlay of proceeds per unit, and average of the outlay of proceeds per unit. However, the discounted techniques may be listed as net present worth, benefit cost ratio, internal rate of return, net benefit investment ratio, sensitivity analysis; and earnings before interest tax depreciation and amortization CEEU, 2005).. According to Ian, David & James, whenever the management is making decision it has to involve the above project appraisal techniques. To illustrate more of these, from our class work, students were given an online simulation test. As per the tests, students were supposed to think of themselves being the chief executive of the doll industry of US. They were supposed to do simulation for a period of five years (from 2009 to 2014) and it is the result they get would be used to test their knowledge on various techniques of business appraisal. Activities Undertaken At the beginning of the project, the company had basic net revenue of 3.23. With the firm`s expansion aim, the net revenue was expected to increase. Consequently, the student had to decide on p rojects from the available data with an assumption that it was a representation of the real data gotten during the research over the doll industry. The data could have included the past number of buyers of the product or the data recorded from market testing and the information collected from competitors` websites. With their target being kids and their playing devices, the students had to keep on updating various products to enhance their marketability over that of their competitors. It was a call for more implementation of technological experiences into the products to move with the increasing innovation in the world. Thus, to win parents heart, the products were developed being future oriented especially with what every parent could have dreamt of his kids and for the kids is about their dream being put in toy. Taking the managerial role, students tried to change the various rates of interest of the production, licensing and retail parts of the project. What students noted in tha t project. They affected investment analysis tools, but they only affected other output from the project after making a decision of investing on a particular project. This means that, there are those basic